Class 16
Topics covered in Korean Digital Academy Class #16 – Nuts and bolts (part 3) ㅜ verbs
- conjugating “ㅜ” verbs
- ㅒ is a genderless pronoun
- 1st person singular pronouns for “I” 저, 제가, 나, 내가
- use of when ~ㄹ때
- 하나도 (any, not even one)
- negative statements 못 , 안, 싫어요
- using 좀 in sentence for politeness
- 너무 (much, too), 아주 (very)
- ~서, ~서 그래요
- Do you smoke 담배 피워요?
- Two ways to say “What’s wrong?”
- Difference between 좋아해요 [action verb 동사] and 좋아요 [descriptive verb/adjective 형용사] in a sentence.
Goals
- conjugate “ㅜ” verbs
- ㅂ phonetically disappears and then becomes ㅜ in verbs 춥다, 덥다, 맵다
- use of pronouns ㅒ, 난, 저, 제가, 나, 내가너무, 아주
- 너무 for negative, 아주 for positive things
These are notes I’ve taken on class 16 . It covers “ㅜ” verbs.
| Korean | English | Part of Speech |
|---|---|---|
| 배우다 | to learn | verb 동사 |
| 주다 | to give | verb 동사 |
| 담배 피우다 | to smoke | verb 동사 |
| 울다 | to cry | verb 동사 |
| 웃다 | to laugh | verb 동사 |
| 춤(을) 추다 | to dance | verb 동사 |
| 싸우다 | to fight | verb 동사 |
| 죽다 | to die | verb 동사 |
| 춥다 | to be cold | adjective 형용사 |
| 덥다 | to be hot | adjective 형용사 |
| 맵다 | to be spicy | adjective 형용사 |
| 어리다 | to be young | adjective 형용사 |
| 추운 | cold | noun modifier |
| 더운 | hot | noun modifier |
| 매운 | spicy | noun modifier |
| 저 / 제가 | I (formal) | pronoun 대명사 |
| 나 / 내가 | I (informal) | pronoun 대명사 |
| ㅒ | genderless he/she | pronoun 대명사 |
| 어때요? | how about? | |
| 점심 | lunch | noun 명사 |
| 선물 | gift | noun 명사 |
| 눈 | snow | noun 명사 |
| 비 | rain | noun 명사 |
| 날씨 | weather | noun 명사 |
FLASHCARDS
[Ran out of time, didn’t finish writing documentation of particles/grammar for KDA 16. ]
‘PARTICLES
| Particle | English | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| ~ㄹ때 | when | |
GRAMMAR
| Korean | English | Adverbs |
|---|---|---|
V = active verb stem
A = descriptive verb stem
S = active or descriptive verb stem
KDA Class 16 “ㅜ” – vowel contraction [ㅜ ㅓ -> ㅝ]
| Verb | English | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 배우다 | to learn | 배워요 | 배웠어요 | 배울 거예요 |
| 울다 | to cry | 울어요 | 울었어요 | 울 거예요 |
| 싸우다 | to fight | 싸워요 | 싸웠어요 | 싸울 거예요 |
| 덥다 | to be hot | 더워요 | 더웠어요 | 더울 거예요 |
| 죽다 | to die | 죽어요 | 죽었어요 | 죽을 거예요 |
| 어리다 | to be young | 어려요 | 어렸어요 | 어릴 거예요 |
| 주다 | to give | 줘요 | 줬어요 | 줄 거예요 |
| 웃다 | to laugh | 웃어요 | 웃었어요 | 웃을 거예요 |
| 맵다 | to be spicy | 맵다 | 매웠어요 | 매울 거예요 |
| 춤추다 | to dance | 춤춰요 | 춤췄어요 | 춤출 거예요 |
| 피우다 | to smoke | 피워요 | 피웠어요 | 피울 거예요 |
| 춥다 | to be cold | 추워요 | 추웠어요 | 추울 거예요 |
Particles – 께/에게/한테 [Dative Particle]
The dative particle, 에게/한테, is mainly used for someone/something to whom you are giving something. 께 is a honorific form, 에게 is a formal form and 한테 is an informal form.
아버지께 선물을 드렸다 = To my father, I gave a present.
아빠에게 선물을 드렸다 = To my dad, I gave a present.
(으)로부터/에게서/한테서 is used when you are receiving something from someone. Again, (으)로부터 is an honorific form, 에게서 is formal and 한테서 is informal.
엄마에게서 편지를 받았다 = From mum, I received a letter
형한테서 소식을 들었다 = From older brother, I heard news
Joonhee notes:
1) ㅜ verb conjugations
배우다/울다/웃다/주다/담배(를) 피우다/춤(을) 추다/싸우다/죽다
2)ㅂ phonetically disappears and then becomes ㅜ
덥다 -> 더워요 (i.e.더”우”+어요)
춥다 -> 추워요
맵다 -> 매워요
3) ~changed verb + 서”요”, meaning because ~~
피곤해서요 ‘Cause I am tired
매워서요 ‘Cause it’s spicy
추워서요 ‘Cause it’s cold
(밥) 안 먹어서요 ‘Cause I haven’t eaten
Hanguk Babble 